| AZ Dept. of Commerce Report - Glossary |
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Glossary of TermsAlternating Current: Electric Current in which the direction of flow is reversed at frequent intervals, 60 cycles per second. The type of electrical supplied by utility companies. Ampere: A measure of electric current; the flow of electrons. Amorphous: The condition of a solid in which the atoms are not arranged in an orderly pattern. Atoms: The smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination. Battery: Rechargeable electric storage unit that operates on the principle of changing electrical energy into chemical energy by means of a reversible chemical reaction. Break-even: The cost of a photovoltaic system at which the cost of the electricity it produces exactly equals the price of electricity from a competing source. Concentrators: A photovoltaic module that includes an optical component such as a lens or focusing mirror to direct incident sunlight onto a solar cell or panel. Direct current: Electric current that always flows in the same direction: positive to negative. Batteries and photovoltaic cells are all DC devices. Efficiency: The percentage of available sunlight converted to electricity by a module or cell. Electric current: The volume of electricity propelled by the voltage; a flow of electrons. Electrons: An elementary particle consisting of a charge of negative electricity. Grid-connected: A house or device that receives power from a utility company. Inverter: This appliance converts independent DC-power into AC power, or regular household current. Load: The lights or appliances run by your electrical system. The amount of electrical power being consumed at any given moment. Kilowatt: A thousand watts Megawatt: One million watts, 1,000 kilowatts Off-grid: See stand-alone. Peak watts: The amount of power a photovoltaic device will produce at noon on a clear day with sun approximately overhead when the cell is faced directly toward the sun. Photovoltaic: Capable of producing a voltage when exposed to radiant energy, especially light. Photovoltaic array: A group of solar electric panels connected together. Photovoltaic cell: The basic building block in photovoltaic systems. Sometimes called “Solar Cells.” Photovoltaic effect: The conversion of sunlight absorbed by a solar cell directly into electricity. Photovoltaic module: A solar electric panel Semiconductor: Any material that has limited capacity for conducting an electric curre. Stand-alone: An isolated photovoltaic system not connected to a grid. Voltage: A measure of the force or “push” given the electrons in an electric circuit, a measure of electric potential. Voltage regulator: An electrical device used to keep voltage at predetermined levels. Watt-hours: Sometimes called watt. The amount of watts used by an appliance is an hour.
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